Tobacco and Betel Quid in Development of Oral Cancer
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چکیده
In Asian countries the high incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Taiwan. Oral cancers displayed the worst survival rates in Latin America, India and Yemen. Some countries share specific risk factors namely heavy tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, chewing of betel-quid, gutka, Zarda, Kharra, snuff and Khat. In addition, other specific risk factors are viral infection (HPV), poor oral hygiene and high intake of charcoal-grilled red meat and mate.
منابع مشابه
Betel quid chewing without tobacco: a meta-analysis of carcinogenic and precarcinogenic effects.
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